Unit Testing Questions

1.What is V-Model ?

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2.What is Verification and Validation ?

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Verification refers to the set of activities that ensure that correctly implements a specific function.

Validation refers to a different set of activities that ensure that software that has been built is traceable

to client requirements.

3. What is Verification Process ?

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  Software verification process is satisfied through reviews, analysis and development of test plans and procedures.

Verification is not simply concerned with testing, since testing, in general, cannot show the absence of errors. 

Testing makes a part of verification, testing all alone cannot detect all errors and hence the two other process Analysis and reviews are also important. Even testing process undergoes review.

     Verification process includes below mentioned activities

1. Review
2. Analysis
3. Test

4.What is Software/Hardware integration test ?

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Verification and ensuring of good functioning of software in the environment of the target module is the objective of software/hardware integration testing.

5. What is Software integration testing ?

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Verification and ensuring correlation between requirements and software components, interaction of software components with one another and satisfies the software specification and software architecture i.e. proper data and control coupling between software components.

6. What is Unit level testing ?

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Verify and ensure low level requirements implementation.

Here we consider and describe Unit testing with respect to standard DO178B.

The object tested in Unit testing is the module, module consists both external and internal operations.

Below are the few main concerns or checks of Unit Testing

1.       Unit test has to ensure the module follows the global design requirements, i.e. with respect to functionality, performance, accuracy...)

2.       Unit test has to prove good functioning of chosen algorithms

3.       Unit test has to prove proper data flow and control flow between operations

4.       Finally unit test has to ensure error free program with high degree of confidence

7.What is White Box Testing?

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 White Box Testing is also known as Code-Based Testing or Structural Testing. White box testing is the software testing method in which internal structure is being known to tester who is going to test the software.

White box testing involves the testing by looking at the internal structure of the code & when you completely aware of the internal structure of the code then you can run your test cases & check whether the system meet requirements mentioned in the specification document. Based on derived test cases the user exercised the test cases by giving the input to the system & checking for expected outputs with actual output.

8) What is Black Box Testing ?

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Black box testing is the Software testing method which is used to test the software without knowing the internal structure of code or program.
Most likely this testing method is what most of tester actual perform and used the majority in the practical life.

9) What is Boundary Value Analysis ?

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Boundary Value Analysis is the most commonly used test case design method for black box testing. As all we know the most of errors occurs at boundary of the input values. This is one of the techniques used to find the error in the boundaries of input values rather than the center of the input value range.

Boundary Value Analysis is the next step of the Equivalence class in which all test cases are design at the boundary of the Equivalence class.

Let us take an example to explain this:

Suppose we have software application which accepts the input value text box ranging from 1 to 1000, in this case we have invalid and valid inputs:

Invalid Input	Valid Input	Invalid Input
0 – less	1 – 1000	1001 – above

Here are the Test cases for input box accepting numbers using Boundary value analysis:

Min value – 1	0
Min Value	1
Min value + 1	2
Normal Value	1 – 1000
Max value – 1	999
Max value	1000
Max value +1	1001

This is testing techniques is not applicable only if input value range is not fixed i.e. the boundary of input is not fixed.

10)What is Equivalence Class Partitioning ?

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The equivalence class partition is the black box test case design technique used for writing test cases. This approach is use to reduce huge set of possible inputs to small but equally effective inputs. This is done by dividing inputs into the classes and gets one value from each class. Such method is used when exhaustive testing is most wanted & to avoid the redundancy of inputs.
In the equivalence partitioning input are divided based on the input values:

• If input value is Range, then we one valid equivalence class & two invalid equivalence classes.
• If input value is specific set, then we one valid equivalence class & one invalid equivalence classes.
• If input value is number, then we one valid equivalence class & two invalid equivalence classes.
• If input value is Boolean, then we one valid equivalence class & one invalid equivalence classes.